Presentation/seminar on distribution system energy management
contents covered in ppt
1) What is distribution system
The conductor system, by means of which .electrical energy is conveyed from bulk power source or sources( Generating stations or major substations supplied over transmission lines) to the consumers.
The Distribution system may be divided into two systems.
•Primary / High Voltage Distribution
•Usually 11KV, in case of high load density areas it may be 33KV or even 66KV.
•Secondary / Low Voltage Distribution
•400V between phases andd 230V between phase and neutral.
2) Distribution substation and feeder
3) Energy Conservation
Energy conservation is achieved when growth of energy consumption is reduced, measured in physical terms.Doing without, possibly giving up amenities to save energy
Examples:
Turning down temperature in a home during the winter
Use of mass transport instead of driving a car to save the fuel
4) Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency is achieved when energy intensity in a specific product, process or area of production or consumption is reduced without affecting output, consumption or comfort levels.System produce same result with less expenditure of energy
Examples
a)Installing a more efficient cooling system that uses less fuel while maintaining a comfortable temperature in a home.
b)Driving the same number of miles with less fuel by switching to more fuel efficient car that provides the same level of comfort, power and safety
.
5) Energy Management
"The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize costs) and enhance competitive positions“
6) Energy Audit
Energy audit is defined as “The verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission of technical report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit, analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption”.Energy audit is the most important tool for managing energy effectively.
7) Energy Accounting
Energy meter readings are taken at sending and at all the consumer installations simultaneously.Same class of accuracy Energy Meters are installed both for measuring input to system and energy sales.For un-metered areas put sample meters, arrive energy per KWh and sum of as a whole.Take HT (recorded sales) and LT sales from revenue wing.If any meters are defective, apply other methods to arrive reasonable consumption.Finally derive losses with formula ((Net Input)-(Metered + Un-Metered Sales)).However, the accuracy is limited so range of loss can only be obtained.
8) Energy audit steps
•Calculation of losses in distribution system
9) Technical and commercial losses
•Inadequate size of conductors
•Lengthy distributor
•Over rated distributor transformer and hence their under utilization
•Low voltage appearing at transformers and consumers terminals
To know detail information about the topic read or download ppt
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contents covered in ppt
1) What is distribution system
The conductor system, by means of which .electrical energy is conveyed from bulk power source or sources( Generating stations or major substations supplied over transmission lines) to the consumers.
The Distribution system may be divided into two systems.
•Primary / High Voltage Distribution
•Usually 11KV, in case of high load density areas it may be 33KV or even 66KV.
•Secondary / Low Voltage Distribution
•400V between phases andd 230V between phase and neutral.
2) Distribution substation and feeder
3) Energy Conservation
Energy conservation is achieved when growth of energy consumption is reduced, measured in physical terms.Doing without, possibly giving up amenities to save energy
Examples:
Turning down temperature in a home during the winter
Use of mass transport instead of driving a car to save the fuel
4) Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency is achieved when energy intensity in a specific product, process or area of production or consumption is reduced without affecting output, consumption or comfort levels.System produce same result with less expenditure of energy
Examples
a)Installing a more efficient cooling system that uses less fuel while maintaining a comfortable temperature in a home.
b)Driving the same number of miles with less fuel by switching to more fuel efficient car that provides the same level of comfort, power and safety
.
5) Energy Management
"The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize costs) and enhance competitive positions“
(Or)
.
"The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy, using systems and
procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding
constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems“
Energy audit is defined as “The verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission of technical report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit, analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption”.Energy audit is the most important tool for managing energy effectively.
Energy meter readings are taken at sending and at all the consumer installations simultaneously.Same class of accuracy Energy Meters are installed both for measuring input to system and energy sales.For un-metered areas put sample meters, arrive energy per KWh and sum of as a whole.Take HT (recorded sales) and LT sales from revenue wing.If any meters are defective, apply other methods to arrive reasonable consumption.Finally derive losses with formula ((Net Input)-(Metered + Un-Metered Sales)).However, the accuracy is limited so range of loss can only be obtained.
8) Energy audit steps
•Calculation of losses in distribution system
•Analysis
of occurrence losses
•Finding
suitable remedies
•Implementing
economical remedies
•Again
calculation of losses
•Observing
how losses are reduced
•Inadequate size of conductors
•Lengthy distributor
•Over rated distributor transformer and hence their under utilization
•Low voltage appearing at transformers and consumers terminals
To know detail information about the topic read or download ppt
Click here to download ppt on distribution systems energy management
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